RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR (RNG)
TAKE YOUR TIME TO READ ALL IF YOU'RE A SERIOUS PLAYER

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INTRODUCTION

Many applications of randomness have led to many different methods for generating random data. These methods may vary as to how unpredictable or statistically random they are, and how quickly they can generate random numbers.
Before the advent of computational random number generators, generating large amount of sufficiently random numbers (important in statistics) required a lot of work. Results would sometimes be collected and distributed as random number tables.



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PHYSICAL METHODS

The earliest methods for generating random numbers - dice, coin flipping, roulette wheels are still used today, mainly in games and gambling, as they tend to be too slow for applications in statistics and cryptography.
Some physical phenomena, such as thermal noise in sneer diodes appear to be truly random and can be used as the basis for hardware random number generators. however, many mechanical phenomena feature asymmetries and biases that make their outcomes not truly random. The many successful attempts to exploit such phenomena by gamblers, especially in roulette and blackjack are testimony to these effects.



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COMPUTATIONAL METHODS

Hardware random number generator in computing, a hardware random number generator is an apparatus that generates random numbers from a physical process. Such devices are typically based on microscopy c phenomena such as thermal noise or the photoelectric effect or other quantum phenomena.
These processes are, in theory, completely unpredictable, and the theory's assertions of these processes are, in theory, completely unpredictable, and the theory's assertions of unpredictability are subject to experimental test. a quantum-based hardware random number generator typically contains an amplifier to bring the output of the physical process into the macroscopic realm, and a transducer to convert the output into a digital signal.



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PROBLEMS

It is very easy to misconstruction devices that generate random numbers. Also, they break silently, often producing decreasingly random numbers as they degrade. An example might be the rapidly decreasing radioactivity of the smoke alarms mentioned earlier. As the radioactive intensity decreases, its sensor will be required to compensate, not an easily accomplished task. Failure modes in such devices are plentiful and are neither easy nor quick nor cheap to detect.
Because they are quite fragile, and fail silently, statistical tests on their output should be performed continuously. Many, but not all, such devices include some such tests into the software that reads the device.


CASINO’S RNG FORMULA

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The casino’s RNG (Random Number Generator) is a simple mathematical recursive function RandSeed (n) = ((c1*RandSeed (n-1)) + c2) mod M, where c1, c2- two constants, M-modulo factor usually 2^32 or 2^64 Seeing this formula, you may think that the RandSeed keeps increasing to infinite, as we multiply the last RandSeed by c1 and add c2. Anyway this does not happen and the reason for this is “mod M”. There is always a limit to the RandSeed’s value and it depends on how many bits the algorithm was made to work. If the algorithm work s on 32-bits, then the range of RandSeed will be from -2147483648 to +2147483647. So if the next RandSeed will be greater than +2147483647, it starts again from -2147483648.

For example, let’s choose c1=84783 and c2=4236381 (later you will find out that not any number can work for c1 and c2). Also we have RandSeed1= 53478. After we make the calculations we receive:


RandSeed2 = 243294359 RandSeed3=-1498047210 RandSeed4=1840508263

RandSeed5 = -935499962 RandSeed6=672013367

RandSeed7 = -1722617994 RandSeed8=1645751559 RandSeed9=1156117926

RandSeed10 = -593272873 RandSeed11=-1087751722 RandSeed12=-1312230233

RandSeed13 = 2021227526 RandSeed14=837430135 RandSeed15=-260998090

RandSeed16 = -525319097 RandSeed17=686094950 RandSeed18=-1844674793

RandSeed19 = -119621994 RandSeed20=-1489495065 RandSeed21=106754477

RandSeed22 = 1806981815.

If we do this for 2^32 times we will get back to the RandSeed (2^32) = RandSeed1.



ALL the online casinos are based on this simple formula. It was proved by me, by a fact I saw as you will see later and by other who cracked already the casino RNG.


  What does it mean that a casino software provider is approved?

Sometimes you may read that some organizations, like TST, tested the RNG and the casino software of a certain provider, and they said that its RNG is good. This means they just verified if the casino is actually using this formula (RNG) in order to get the outcome to the user without taking into consideration the winnings he made. The uncertified casinos may use the above formula together with the winnings verification process. It's a very simple algorithm added to the RNG, which can be made by everyone, in order to bring all the users to failure at last.
Here we will talk just about verified casinos, since the unverified casinos are almost impossible to be beaten. They are programmed to make you lose, though this is not a rule for all so read further.


  Casinos that use not ONLY RNG. How were they beaten?

You understand very well that I can't give you names here and I will not name these casinos even if you ask me.

Though this kind of casinos seam unbeatable, they were still beaten by my friend more than one year ago. At the start I thought he was joking, but he was very serious and very committed to winning at an unverified casino.

Firstly, you should know that your balance is not monitored by a human being, but by a program. It “takes care” of everything and makes in such way that you lose all your bankroll. Also it does not make you to lose straight way, they are also programmed to make you win.

Anyway if the user does not match to a certain condition (which represent the games the user plays, the bets he makes and the way he plays), the algorithm won't know what to do with him and it will make him to lose. So, it depends on MANY factors. Knowing these factors, you can trick this algorithm and win. It's a kind of game, but well, this was made by a friend of mine more than one year ago.

At the beginning he made a gambling website and registered as affiliate of each of these casinos. He didn't make much money as affiliate, since he was having a very low number of users and the casinos were not very well converting. Anyway he analyzed the betting process of those players, who signed up under his affiliate code, and the way the algorithm was making them to win and finally to lose. So the algorithm verifies if a player deposited a lot the n it let him increase the bankroll with 40% and after that it makes him lose all his money.

This gives you an impression that it is possible to win at this casino, that’s why after you lose everything, you just think this wasn’t your lucky day, but this casino is good. Usually this makes people to deposit even more money in the same or next day. If a player deposited a low sum of money then the algorithm makes him stay with the same bankroll for a while and after some time the player loses. He starts thinking that he didn't have the necessary balance for winning, so he deposits more in the casino.

After detecting all these aspects (here were not told all of them) of that algorithm he deposited $3,000 at the casino and he made about $5,000 with the tricks, which he discovered. He was surprised about the big number of unverified casinos, which were using this algorithm, that’s why he was satisfied when finally he mocked at their algorithm of beating us.

The casinos, where he was playing, have already been closed. As you see these casinos are opened only for cheating us and they don't care about their reputation. Also they are intended to a small number of players.



WARNING: DO NOT TRY THIS AT HOME. :)) IN FACT I ADVISE YOU NOT TO PLAY AT ALL THESE CASINOS. THIS WAS JUST A STORY TO SHOW YOU THAT IN FACT EVERYTHING IS BEATABLE. ANYWAY DO NOT THINK THAT IF YOU WILL DEPOSIT A LOT OF MONEY IN SUCH A CASINO, YOU WILL BE A WINNER FOR A WHILE, SINCE THIS IS NOT A RULE.


NOTE: THE RNG DOESN’T GIVE ADVANTAGES NEITHER FOR THE CASINO, NOR FOR THE PLAYER. IF YOU PLAY AGAINST RNG WITHOUT ANY SYSTEM YOU MAY BE IN LOSS OR A WINNER IN EQUAL PERIODS OF TIME.



Here Comes The Questions

  What gives an advantage to the casino?

  What gives an advantage to the casino?

  Why the payouts always are <100%?


The advantage depends, particularly, on each game. The roulette’s advantage is the single “0” (for European Roulette) or “0 and 00” (for American Roulette). It is also called the house edge.

So, to say that the outcome of the RNG can’t be beaten it's not correct. The idea is that the “RNG + house edge” can't be beaten.

Now let’s discuss here how we are going to bet the RNG. At the end of e-book you will see how the "RNG + house edge" will be beaten 100% by beating the RNG. I say this, because you will know the outcome (like the number that will land on the next spin) which you will receive from the casino.


  Let's get back to the main formula of the RNG

RandSeed (n) = ((c1*RandSeed (n-1)) + c2) mod M

  What do we need in order to beat the “RNG"?

To beat the RNG we need just two constants c1 and c2. But knowing these 2 constants, we will also need at least one RandSeed and so we will be able to find out the next RandSeeds, in such way the RNG is beaten.

Now let's say we DO have the 2 constants and we know that the RandSeed for a particular spin is for instance 53478.

So c1=84783, c2=4236381 and RandSeed1=53478. Making the calculations we will know that RandSeed2=243294359.


  And what do we have with THIS? So we have the RandSeed, and what of it?

We need the number that will land (for the roulette game).

That's why here comes the next question.

  How is the number formed from the RandSeed?

There were some people who were stating that the outcome (the number for the roulette game) results from “RandSeed mod 37” (since there are 37 possible outcomes as the roulette has 0...36 numbers). This method of obtaining the outcome is very primitive and those, who made it, are really stupid.

At the start I was happy, since I thought that I found a way to beat the RNG. However I didn't succeed. So I knew that the formula is more than just RandSeed mod to 37 or to 53 (for the blackjack game). It took me some time to find it .

So I’ll show you exactly how the number is formed from the RandSeed. L et's say we have currently a RandSeed= 1732545654. Now we’ll make some calculations. Run the Calculator program from Start-> Programs-> Accessories-> Calculator. Then select “Scientific” from “View” menu. Enter the RandSeed number and check the “Bin” radio box.

So we convert this RandSeed in binary code:   1100111010001001000110001110110

We remove the last 16 digits and so we obtain the following binary number:   110011101000100

If the above number has 16 digits, then you should remove the FIRST digit of this binary Number.

Now we convert this binary number in decimal code (check the “Dec” radio box): 26436.

And 26436 mod 37 = 18

  What advantages does this formula give?

This formula involves only binary operations, which are easily executed by the computer. Also this formula removes the weakness given by RandSeed mod 37.

You should notify that the RandSeeds 1732545654 and 1732545655 give the same outcome, because we remove the last 16 binary digits. And not only the next RandSeed but also a group of 65536 (2^16) RandSeeds would give the same outcomes in the casino. This means that a new outcome comes at every group of 65536 RandSeeds. So if the first group of 65536 RandSeeds gives one outcome (let’s say number “23” for the roulette game) then the next group will give an outcome (this is the next number of the first outcome for the roulette game. For our example, it is the number “24”).

So the question is how the RandSeed passes from one group to another. Knowing this it will result in beating again the RNG, as we will know which group of RandSeeds is the next one and thus the outcome in roulette.

So we already know the formula used to transform the RandSeed in the outcome given to you by the casino’s server. So all we need is to have those RandSeeds and we can safely predict the outcome. This is where we will make the research now. As we see, this simple formula is good enough to give random numbers.

  But what does it mean good enough? What properties should have this formula?

Why it has to be exactly this one? We are going to answer at these questions referring again to the formula:

RandSeed (n) = ((c1*RandSeed (n-1)) + c2) mod M

There were many proposals before this formula appeared. The main idea was to find out the formula which would get each RandSeed once and after the last RandSeed it would start with the initial startup RandSeed.

This is what I named a Good RNG. Suppose we have 10
RandSeeds: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9.
A good RNG is 2 4 8 0 1 3 5 7 9 2 4...

A good RNG will make a circle where each RandSeed has its own place in it. Consider the RNG circle like a roulette wheel.

  Does it matter what values we take for the constants?

Well, for example, if c1 is a divisor of 5 or an even number then this formula will not make a circle. The second constant should not be “0” or “1”. The c2 constant generally is a big number. The other properties of c1 and c2 are mentioned on the first chapter. So, as you see here is a bit of work before making the RNG.

ALL the online casinos are based on this RNG formula. The diffe rence between them is these 2 constants. Now let me tell you one thing. Knowing these 2 constants, it results in having the outcome for any game of the online casino. Anyway the transformation of the Randseed in the outcome also depends on the game played. For example, we use the same formula both for the blackjack and for the roulette game, but for the blackjack we have “RandSeed mod to the number of cards” .

Knowing the RNG and some outcomes, we can find all the next outcomes in a few minutes.








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